Canon Vs Nikon: Which Camera is Better?

       

 

       Canon and Nikon is the most popular camera and the best selling camera for photographer because of the amazing features of both cameras, but which one is the best camera?

          Sa akin na research maraming na sasabi na mas maganda daw ang Nikon keysa sa Canon, dahil ang features nito ay masmaganda at masmadami features keysa sa ibang pang mga Cameras tulad ng Canon. Base din sa research ko meron din nagsasabi na mas gusto nila gamitin ang Canon dahil hindi sila familiar sa features nito at nahihirapan sila gamitin. at ganun din sa Nikon nahihirapan din sila dahil hindi rin sila familiar sa Canon cameras, dahil nga ang Canon at Nikon ay di magkaparehas ng mga functions. 

            

            Naresearch ko din na pedeng gamitn ng Canon cameras and lense ng Nikon, but yung Nikon cameras can't use Canon cameras lense.

            Nikon do not show the shutter speed and F stop when the photo is previewd. Canon do that is a massive advantage for Canon users particularly when doing sports photography. Para naman Wider Range ng Camera ang Canon ang masmaganda, dahil masmaganda ang quality ng picture pag Canon camera ang gagamitn dahil masmataas ang megapixel nito kase diba yung naman talaga ang importante yung kagandahan ng picture.

            Para naman sa Speed at Movie quality masasabi kong masmaganda din pag Canon camera ang gagamitin. Dahil masmaganda ang nilalabas na video quality pag Canon camera ang gamitin dahil nga mas mataas ang megapixel nito keysa sa Nikon cameras. Sa Package delivery naman d hamak na mas cheap pag canon, sa Nikon kasi ay mas mahal ang bayad.

             Pero meron din kagandahan ang Nikon camera kasi mas madali siyang gamitin keysa sa Canon camera, maadvice ko lang to para sa mga beginners. Pero para sa mga professional photographers mas aadvice ko gamitn ang Canon Camera. THE BEST CANON!!!! 

Eto ang Feature ng Canon cameras at Nikon Camera:

Viewfinder	insufficiently high-eyepoint for many eyeglass wearers, EOS-1v is probably the best	excellent for eyeglass wearers on big expensive bodies (e.g., N90 and up)
Autofocus	superb with ultrasonic lenses, especially with higher-end bodies where the focus and shutter release can be put on separate buttons, thus allowing MF and AF simultaneously	superb with rare and expensive AF-S lenses and newest bodies; cumbersome with most AF lenses
Best lenses	big long image-stabilized glass (100-400/4.5-5.6 IS, 300/2.8 IS, 600/4 IS) and unique pieces such as 35-350	wide angles and macro
Best body	big long image-stabilized glass (100-400/4.5-5.6 IS, 300/2.8 IS, 600/4 IS) and unique pieces such as 35-350	F100 or N80; the F5 has great features but it weighs more than most medium-format cameras
Fill flash	very good with newest bodies and EX flashes	superb with D lenses
Macro	difficult to use macro lenses with studio strobes or handheld light meter because bodies don't compute effective aperture, latest macro lenses (100, 180) include ultrasonic motors, no bellows but MP-E 65/2.8 lets you go beyond 1:1 conveniently; current 50mm macro lens is weak (only goes to 1:2 and lacks ultrasonic motor)	superb 60, 105, and 200, lenses, all of which go to 1:1, bodies compute effective aperture, e.g., marked f/16 on the lens turns into indicated f/32 in the viewfinder at 1:1
Durability	incredible with EOS-1 and EOS-3 bodies, which are impervious to rain; excellent with consumer bodies	incredible with water-sealed F5 andF100; excellent with consumer bodies
Perspective correction lenses	superb, auto aperture and both tilt and shift in 24, 45, and 90mm focal lengths	two primitivelenses, 28 and 35, available with manual aperture. Shift is useful for control of architectural perspective, but lack of tilt prevents useful depth-of-field control. ( Kirk Enterprises will convert Canon TS lenses for Nikon use for about $200.)
Film transport	revolutionary in speed and noise with the rubber-belt systems in the mid-range consumer bodies (e.g., Elan 7) but remember that infrared diode fogs IR film	nothing special
Starter system (for serious photography)	Elan 7 (EOS 30 outside US), verticalgrip, 17-35/2.8L, 50/1.4, and 70-200/2.8L	N80, 20/2.8, 28-70/2.8 AF-S, 80-200/2.8 AF-S
Starter system (for one-lens travel photography)	any low-end body ( Rebel G is incredibly light but doesn't let you shift AF off shutter release), 24-85 USM lens or 28-135 USM image-stabilized lens.	N65 or N80, 24-120 lens

Source: http://photo.net/photo/canon-v-nikon
Source: http://www.squidoo.com/nikon-versus-canon-which-is-better-
Source: http://www.kenrockwell.com/tech/nikon-vs-canon.htm

             Mas pinili ko ang Canon cameras para gamitin camera, dahil sa the wider range at para sa image at video quality. at mas mura ang Canon Camera keysa sa Nikon camera. at pede kasing gamitin ng Canon ang lense  Nikon kaya maganda talaga ang Canon. 

CANON > nikon ^_^

------- Medialdia, Myrone J. -------

------- 200912295 -------

-------BSCS 3-1-------

How to prepare different foods for Noche Buena and Media Noche

     

       Nakaugalian na talaga ng mga mga tao lalo ng mga pinoy ang maghanda ng iba't-ibang pagkaen tuwing sasapit ang pasko at bagong taon. May main dish, dessert, at fruits pa. Pero kami hindi naman kami bongga maghanda, kung ano lang mkayanan ihanda pwede na basta sama-sama kaming pamilya. (wew, haha)

       

Here's some ways kung paano iprepare ang mga different foods for Noche Buena at Media Noche.

1. Spaghetti - Spaghetti is a long, thin, cylindrical pasta of Italian origin. Spaghetti is made of semolina or flour and water. Italian dried spaghetti is made from durum wheat semolina, but outside of Italy it may be made with other kinds of flour. Pinoy Spaghetti, this version of Spaghetti requires the use of sugar, hotdogs, and banana catsup. It might some peculiar to some but these ingredients brings up a whole new flavor that is totally Filipino.

         Link: http://panlasangpinoy.com/2009/03/17/pinoy-spaghetti/

Spaghetti

Ingredients:

1 kg. spaghetti noodles

1/2 kg. ground beef

1/2 kg. ground pork

1/4 kg. hotdogs, diagonally sliced

1 kg. tomato sauce (or 3/4 kg. tomato sauce and 1/4 kg. banana catsup)

3 pieces laurel leaves (bay leaves)

1/4 cup brown or white sugar (reduce to 1/8 cup if using banana catsup)

2 green bell peppers, diced

2 onions, chopped

1 head garlic, minced

3 tablespoons of cooking oil

1 cup of water

Salt and pepper to taste

1/2 cup grated cheese

Preparation:

·    Cook spaghetti noodles according to package instructions.

·       In a sauce pan or wok, sauté garlic and onions in cooking oil.

·     Add ground beef, ground pork, laurel leaves, bell pepper and a cup of water. Bring to a boil and let simmer for 10 minutes.

·     Add tomato sauce or combination of banana catsup and tomato sauce, salt and pepper to taste then let simmer for another 10 minutes

·     Add brown sugar and hotdogs. Continue to simmer for an additional 5 minutes.

·     Optional: add hot sauce e.g. Tabasco for more spice if desired.

·     Serve with the cooked spaghetti noodles and grated cheese on top.

Link: http://www.filipinofoodrecipes.net/spaghetti.htm

      2. Fruit Salad

 Fruit Salad is a general term referring to a fruit dish. This dish is typically composed of an assortment of fruits served as is or combined with different types of sweet liquid and table cream. This can either be served as an appetizer, a side dish, and as a dessert.

In the Philippines, fruit salad is considered to be more of a dessert rather than an appetizer or side dish. The Filipino version of the fruit salad requires the use of condensed milk and table cream which makes the dish rich and sweet.

           Link: http://panlasangpinoy.com/2010/02/08/fruit-salad-recipe/

Fruit Salad

Ingredients:

1 can (large) fruit cocktail

¾ cups nata de coco

14 ounces condensed milk

8 ounces table / medium cream or all purpose cream

Preparation:

1. Drain the juice from the fruit cocktail and transfer the canned fruits in a bowl.

2. Combine the fruit cocktail and nata de coco then toss lightly.

3. Add the condensed milk then mix lightly. Be extra careful so that the fruits will remain intact.

4. Add the table cream / medium cream then mix again. Make sure that the cream is properly distributed amongst the fruits.

5. Refrigerate for at least 3 hours.

6. Serve Chilled.

Link: http://panlasangpinoy.com/2010/02/08/fruit-salad-recipe/

       3. Graham Cake - Here is a simple and easy to follow cake recipe for you. This is the graham cake, made of graham crackers, condensed milk and cream mixture, and any fruits you want. This kind of cake is best serve as merienda or even as a dessert. 

          Graham cakes are good for those rush thrown parties or at children party because of its simple ingredients and pretty basic preparation procedure.    

Graham Cake

Ingredients: 

2 packs of graham crackers.(reserve 3 crackers and crush it in a bowl with a glass)
4 large mangoes, seeds removed. (remove the skins and then slice)
1 can condensed milk
2 packs all purpose cream.

Procedures:
1. Place a layer of graham crackers at the bottom of your container(preferably plastic tupperware with cover).
2. Mix the condensed milk and cream together and add a layer on top of the graham crackers.
3. Place your sliced mangoes on top. be generous.make sure thatthe cream covers all of the graham.
4. Repeat procedure until the container is full. top with crushed grahams.
5. Serve cold.

Link: http://lutongpinoy.info/graham-cake/

       4. Maja Blanca - Maja blanca is a Filipino dessert made from coconut milk, cornstarch, and sugar. Often called Coconut Pudding, this luscious dessert is easy to make and the ingredients are very common.

Since Christmas season is just around the corner, this would make a very good holiday dessert especially during potluck Christmas Parties and Noche Buena as well.

Maja Blanca 

Ingredients:

• 4 cups coconut milk 
• 3/4 cup cornstarch 
• 14 ounces condensed milk 
• 3/4 cup fresh milk 
• 3/4 cup granulated sugar 
• 15 ounces whole sweet kernel corn 
• 5 tbsp toasted grated coconut 

Cooking Procedure 

1. Pour the coconut milk in a cooking pot and bring to a boil.
2. Add the sugar, condensed milk, and whole sweet kernel corn then stir until all the ingredients are evenly distributed.
3. Simmer for 8 minutes
4. Combine the fresh milk and cornstarch then whisk until the cornstarch is diluted 
5. Pour the fresh milk and cornstarch mixture in the cooking pot and stir thoroughly.
6. Allow to cook while stirring until the mixture reaches your desired thickness
7. Pour the mixture in a serving tray then arrange and flatten the top using a flat tool such as a wooden spatula
8. Allow to cool down then refrigerate for at least 1 hour
9. Garnish with toasted grated coconut (or latik if available)
10. Serve cold. Share and enjoy!

Link: http://panlasangpinoy.com/2009/11/08/filipino-asian-dessert-sweet-corn-kakanin-maja-blanca-recipe/

       5. Carbonara - Carbonara is an Italian sauce for pasta which appears to have emerged at some point after the Second World War. There are two distinct versions of carbonara, one made in Italy and one made in the United States. Both integrate similar ingredients, although the American version is much richer than the Italian version. The core ingredients for carbonara are pancetta, a mixture of cheeses, eggs, and freshly cracked black pepper. Americans add cream to their carbonara, and sometimes use other cured meats, such as bacon.

Link: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-carbonara.htm

Carbonara 

            Ito naman own version ng family namin ng Carbonara, ishare ko lang sainyo. :)

Ingredients:
Sauce:

• 3 can of 284 ml. Campbell cream mushroom 
• 2 can of 284 ml. pieces & stems mushroom 
• 1 can of 370 ml. evaporated milk 
• Garlic 
• Onion 
• Butter 
• Chicken 

Pasta: 

• Any kind of pasta you want 

Preparation:

            Para sa pasta, magpakulo ng tubig na may salt. Then pag kumulo na ilagay na ang pasta. Para sa sauce una, igisa yung garlic at onion sa butter or kahit sa mantika then ilagay ang pinirasong manok make sure na steamed na yung chicken para medyo luto na din. Dagdagan ng butter. Ilagay ang pieces and stems mushroom, cambells cream mushroom at evaporated milk. Haluin until completely mixed.

            Drain pasta and put cream mixture. Serve with cheese if desired.

Hope you like it! => 

At ito naman ang pamangkin ko.. Wala lang gusto ko lang ishare. hahah

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Elauria, Kenberlyn R.

200910286

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Where do you plan to spend your Holiday?

                 HAPPY HOLIDAY :D
                              MERRY CHRISTMAS :D
                                                HAPPY NEW YEAR :D     
                                                                SA INYONG LAHAT!                                                                                                            

     Pasko nanaman! Ibig sabihin wala pasok! walang klase! walang exam sa stat! walang maagang gising! walang stress! yaaahhhooooo! Grabe napakasaya talaga pag dumadating ang Christmas. Yan makakatulog na ng matagal at yung walng inaalala nadapt gawin kasi walang pasok. Ngayong Christmas ay talagang napakasaya kasi makakapamasko nanaman ..HAHAHAHAHAHA! joke ...d na ko namamasko kusa nalng ko ako inanabutan. Basta ngayong Pasko ay buwan ng pagbibigayan , kasiyahan kasama ang pamilya at pagmamahalan. 

       Una sa lahat ang pasko ay araw ng pagkasilang ni Jesus Christ ...syempre yung naman talaga kaya tau ng cecelebrate. :D 

       Ngayon pasko binabalak pupunta kami sa bahay ng tita ko sa Dasma at mgrereunion kami kasama ang mga kamaganak namin. Nakakamiss talaga yung mga araw na magkakasama kami pamilya. Dahil isang beses lang sa isang taon ng yayari yun, biruin mo yun at yun yung tuwing pasko, dapt talagang hindi palampasin. Pag pasko kumpleto Ex.Makasama ko ang pamilya ko, lahat ng mga pinsan at mga tito tita makakasama ko, Kumpleto sa pagkain! yun ang masarap PAGKAEN! PAGKAEN! PAGKAEN! PAGKAEN! ..HAHAHAHAHA ..Lechon matitikman na ulit kita . :D .

Eto ang LITRATO ,,

        Hanapin nyo kung nasan ako...HAHAHAHAHA ...yan ang pamilya ko :D Dami nuh.. 9 ba naman anak ng lolo at lola ko ...hehehe :) kulang pa nga yan. kasi nagalisan na yung iba. :D kasi my kanya kanyang pamilya na din sila :D

       Bago magNew Year. Syempre my pera na ako ..ibig sabihin my pang Date na ko ..HAHAHA... ayun nga pagkatapos ng pasko, magdadate kami ng GF si Kenberlyn R. Elauria. naisip namin na manuod kami ng Movie. hindi pa namin alam kung anu papanoorin. pero para sa akin gusto ko shake rattle and roll..para nakakatakot namn para maiba naman .. :D at para mapayakap sa akin si khen...HAHAHA Masaya yun kasi mamakasa ko na yung mahal ko. :D ...@khen (ohhh ... kinikilig ka naman dyan..akala mo ah ako lang gagatos sa date natin. Oo nga tama ako nga ..HAHAHA) Yun pasko araw yan nagpagbibigayan at pagmamahalan . :D Kaya After Christmas nakalaan na yun para sa Date ...naalala ko pa yung niyaya ko sya mg SM nung nakaraang taon pagtapos din yun ng pasko yun ..d ko girlfriend ni khen :D Ang saya ko nun kasi una syempre pumayag sya at syempre nakasama sya ..kahit medyo nahihiya pa ako nun .. @khen (yiiieeee ...Kinikilig ka nanaman nuh..) kaya ngayong Holiday para din sa amin yun din ..gagawin ko ay Pasko, Date at New Year..HEHEHEHEHEH ...

       Yaan na New Year na.. PUTUKAN NA! HAHAHAH :D ..Bagong taon ..bagong simula :D ..Yun sa New Year..mg spend kami ng new year dito lang sa amin..kasama di mga pinsa ko..pag new year kasi nagpapaputok kami sa laksada..at ngpapatugtog ng soundsat nagkakainan. at sama sama namin sasalubungin ang Bagong taon. masaya din pag new year kasi lahat ng tao nagsasaya :) .. tska maganda din manuod ng fireworks pag 12midnight ba ...HEHEHE ... Yan wala na ko masabi .. salamat naka 500 words na din ako... Maramingsalamat sa Bumasa nito ...Merry Christmas And Happy New Year..Ingat baka maputukan :) ..hehehehe

Source: http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=1583878318898&set=t.100000092823778&type=3&theater

Source: http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=191348397618771&set=a.191348037618807.49115.100002308353783&type=3&theater

------------------------

Medialdia Myrone J.

200912295

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Tablet PC or a Laptop? Which is better?

       There are different types of computing devices that have been launched nowadays, and it makes kind a hard to choose which is much better. If you will be going to choose among those devices like having a Tablet PC over having a Laptop, which will you choose?

         Here are some benefits of the two gadgets:

Benefits of Having a Laptop:

1. A laptop computer is completely portable

       Portability is often the main advantage of choosing a laptop over a desktop computer. Portability means that a laptop can be used virtually anywhere, not only at home and the office, but also during commuting, in lecture halls, coffee shops, libraries or in meeting rooms to assist with presentations.

2. You can use your time more efficiently with a laptop 

     A laptop can be used in places where a desktop PC can't which means you can use your time more productively. 

3. You can gain immediate access to information

     Carrying a laptop means having instant access to information, whether it's from saved files or from the Internet.

4. Laptops are a manageable size

       Laptop computers are smaller than standard PCs which is great when space is at a minimum.

5. Low power consumption 

       A laptop computer is more power-efficient than a desktop. 

6. Peace and quiet

     A laptop computer is often quieter than a desktop PC, due to better components and less heat production. This means cooling fans can be run at a slower speed and less often, giving you a quieter working environment.

7. Battery power

     A fully charged laptop computer can run for several hours off its internal battery. This is useful for journeys but is also handy if there's a power cut and you still need to get work done.

Link: http://www.articlesbase.com/laptops-articles/the-benefits-of-a-laptop-computer-762357.html

Benefits of Having a Tablet PC

1. Email & Web Browsing

      Most tablets provide access to the Web either through WI-Fi or a 3G cellular network. As long as you’re connected, most will also let you send and receive email.

2. Productivity

    If you tend to create as much content as you consume, look for a tablet that can run office-type apps powerful enough to keep up.

3. Read eBooks easily

     You won’t have to sit in front of PC causing aches in your back to read eBooks. Many tablets come with eBook readers and screens that display the content well even in sunlight. Highly beneficial for students!

4. Multimedia Features

     Tablets feature TV, music players, video players and radio. Having a good wi-fi with enough bandwidth can run television without any problems.

5. Social Media

     Having easy access to social networking websites is now becoming the selling point for many gadgets. Tablets work extremely well when it comes to accessing these sites since there are lot of apps for thus purpose.

6. Movies

      Tablets allow access to subscription based movie and video sites which you can view with smooth running at your tablet. A good WI-fi connection is all that it takes to achieve this

Link: http://www.scientiaweb.com/2011/02/27/6-benefits-of-having-a-tablet/

       Base sa mga nailagay na benefits ng dalawa masasabi na mas may advantage ang Tablet PC, lalo na nga sa mga studyante na more on eBooks na ang ginagamit ngayon. Mas madali magbasa kung isang maliit na Tablet PC lang ang hawak compare kapag na sa Laptop. Kaya siguro nasabi ko to kasi medyo tinatamad ako magbasa ng mga eBooks sa laptop, ewan ko na lang pag sa Tablet PC na wala kasi ako nun. Haha.. 

      So ayun nga ok din naman ang laptop kasi meron tong CD-writer at pwede rin magburn ng mga files to CD’s. And para sa mga programmers, mas nagagamit ang laptop in terms of programming. ^_^

------------------------

Elauria, Kenberlyn R.

200910286

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Merge Sort Vs Bucket Sort

Merge sort     

       Merge sort is based on the divide-and-conquer paradigm. Its worst-case running time has a lower order of growth than insertion sort. Since we are dealing with subproblems, we state each subproblem as sorting a subarray A[p .. r]. Initially, p = 1 and r = n, but these values change as we recurse through subproblems.

To sort A[p .. r]:

     1.Divide Step

       If a given array A has zero or one element, simply return; it is already sorted. Otherwise, split A[p .. r] into two subarrays A[p.. q] and A[q + 1 .. r], each containing about half of the elements of A[p .. r]. That is, q is the halfway point of A[p .. r].

     2.Conquer Step

       Conquer by recursively sorting the two subarrays A[p .. q] and A[q + 1 .. r].

     3. Combine Step

       Combine the elements back in A[p .. r] by merging the two sorted subarrays A[p .. q] and A[q + 1 .. r] into a sorted sequence. To accomplish this step, we will define a procedure MERGE (A, p, q, r).

Algorithm: Merge Sort

To sort the entire sequence A[1 .. n], make the initial call to the procedure MERGE-SORT (A, 1, n).

MERGE-SORT (A, p, r)

1. IF p < r // Check for base case
2. THEN q = FLOOR[(p + r)/2] // Divide step
3. MERGE (A, p, q) // Conquer step.
4. MERGE (A, q + 1, r) // Conquer step.
5. MERGE (A, p, q, r) // Conquer step.

Example: Bottom-up view of the above procedure for n = 8.

Merging


What remains is the MERGE procedure. The following is the input and output of the MERGE procedure.

• Input: Array A and indices p, q, r such that p ≤ q ≤ r and subarray A[p .. q] is sorted and subarray A[q + 1 .. r] is sorted. By restrictions on p, q, r, neither subarray is empty.

• Output: The two subarrays are merged into a single sorted subarray in A[p .. r].

We implement it so that it takes Θ(n) time, where n = r − p + 1, which is the number of elements being merged.




Pseudocode

Merge (A, p, q, r )

1.  n1 ← q − p + 1
2.  n2 ← r − q
3.  Create arrays L[1 . . n1 + 1] and R[1 . . n2 + 1]
4.  FOR i ← 1 TO n1
5.  DO L[i] ← A[p + i − 1]
6.  FOR j ← 1 TO n2
7. DO R[j] ← A[q + j ]
8.  L[n1 + 1] ← ∞
9. R[n2 + 1] ← ∞
10.  i ← 1
11.  j ← 1
12.  FOR k ← p TO r
13. 1DO IF L[i ] ≤ R[ j]
14. THEN A[k] ← L[i]
15.  i ← i + 1
16. ELSE A[k] ← R[j]
17.  j ← j + 1

Implementation

void mergeSort(int numbers[], int temp[], int array_size)
{
m_sort(numbers, temp, 0, array_size - 1);
}
void m_sort(int numbers[], int temp[], int left, int right)
{
int mid;
if (right > left)
{
mid = (right + left) / 2;
m_sort(numbers, temp, left, mid);
m_sort(numbers, temp, mid+1, right);
merge(numbers, temp, left, mid+1, right);
}
}
void merge(int numbers[], int temp[], int left, int mid, int right)
{
int i, left_end, num_elements, tmp_pos;
left_end = mid - 1;
tmp_pos = left;
num_elements = right - left + 1;
while ((left <= left_end) && (mid <= right))
{
if (numbers[left] <= numbers[mid])
{
temp[tmp_pos] = numbers[left];
tmp_pos = tmp_pos + 1;
left = left +1;
}
else
{
temp[tmp_pos] = numbers[mid];
tmp_pos = tmp_pos + 1;
mid = mid + 1;
}
}
while (left <= left_end)
{
temp[tmp_pos] = numbers[left];
left = left + 1;
tmp_pos = tmp_pos + 1;
}
while (mid <= right)
{
temp[tmp_pos] = numbers[mid];
mid = mid + 1;
tmp_pos = tmp_pos + 1;
}
for (i = 0; i <= num_elements; i++)
{
numbers[right] = temp[right];
right = right - 1;
}
}

Link: http://www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/Sorting/mergeSort.htm

Bucket Sort

       Bucket sort runs in linear time on the average. It assumes that the input is generated by a random process that distributes elements uniformly over the interval [0, 1).

       The idea of Bucket sort is to divide the interval [0, 1) into n equal-sized subintervals, or buckets, and then distribute the n input numbers into the buckets. Since the inputs are uniformly distributed over (0, 1), we don't expect many numbers to fall into each bucket. To produce the output, simply sort the numbers in each bucket and then go through the bucket in order, listing the elements in each.

       The code assumes that input is in n-element array A and each element in A satisfies 0 ≤ A[i] ≤ 1. We also need an auxiliary arrayB[0 . . n -1] for linked-lists (buckets).

BUCKET_SORT (A)

1. n ← length [A]
2. For i = 1 to n do
3. Insert A[i] into list B[nA[i]]
4. For i = 0 to n-1 do
5. Sort list B with Insertion sort
6. Concatenate the lists B[0], B[1], . . B[n-1] together in order.

Example

       Given input array A[1..10]. The array B[0..9] of sorted lists or buckets after line 5. Bucket i holds values in the interval [i/10, (i+1)/10]. The sorted output consists of a concatenation in order of the lists first B[0] then B[1] then B[2] ... and the last one isB[9].

Analysis

       All lines except line 5 take O(n) time in the worst case. We can see inspection that total time to examine all buckets in line 5 is O(n-1)i.e., O(n).

       The only interesting part of the analysis is the time taken by Insertion sort in line 5. Let ni be the random variable denoting the number of elements in the bucket B[i]. Since the expected time to sort by INSERTION_SORT is O(n2), the expected time to sort the elements in bucket B[i] is

       E[O(2ni)] = O(E[2ni]]

      Therefore, the total expected time to sort all elements in all buckets is

       n-1∑i=0 O(E[2ni]) = O n-1∑i=0 (E[2ni]) ------------ A

       In order to evaluate this summation, we must determine the distribution of each random variable n


       We have n elements and n buckets. The probability that a given element falls in a bucket B[i] is 1/n i.e., Probability = p = 1/n. (Note that this problem is the same as that of "Balls-and-Bin" problem)

Therefore, the probability follows the binomial distribution, which has

       mean: E[ni] = np = 1
       variance: Var[ni] = np(1- p) = 1- 1/n

       For any random variable, we have

       E[2ni] = Var[ni] + E2[ni]
       = 1 - 1/n + 12
       = 2 - 1/n
       = (1)

Link: http://www.personal.kent.edu/~rmuhamma/Algorithms/MyAlgorithms/Sorting/bucketSort.htm

Conclusion: 
       
       Para sa akin mas magandang gamit ang Bucket sort keysa sa Merge sort, dahil mas mabilis ang process ng pagsosorting pag bucket sort ang gagamitin kasi ito linear ang sorting keysa sa merge sort ng keylangan mo pang i-divide ng i-divide bago ma sort. :D

---------------------------

Medialdia, Myrone J.

BSCS3-1

200912295

---------------------------

“Conspiracy of Ninoy Aquino”

Who is Ninoy?

       Benigno Aquino (1933-1983) nicknamed "Ninoy" was born in 1933 in Tarlac Province, Luzon, to a prominent family. At age 22 he became the nation's youngest mayor in his hometown of Concepcion. Just six years later he became governor of Tarlac province. In 1967 Aquino once again made history when he became the youngest senator elected in the country's history. Meanwhile he married Corazon Cojoangco and they raised five children.

Link : http://www.bookrags.com/biography/benigno-aquino/

Ninoy's Heart Problems and Exile

       Ninoy Aquino suffered a heart attack in his prison cell. A second heart attack at the Philippine Heart Center showed that he had a blocked artery, but Aquino refused to allow surgeons in the Philippines to operate on him for fear of foul play by Marcos. Imelda Marcos offered him a medical furlough to the United States for surgery. She had two stipulations, however; Ninoy had to promise to return to the Philippines, and he had to swear not to denounce the Marcos regime while in the U.S. That same night, Ninoy Aquino and his family got on a plane bound for Dallas, Texas. The Aquino family decided not to return to the Philippines immediately after Ninoy's recovery from surgery. They moved instead to Newton, Massachusetts, not far from Boston. 

Return of Ninoy Aquino

       Early in 1983, Ferdinand Marcos's health began to deteriorate, and with it his iron grip on the Philippines. Aquino worried that in the event of Marcos's sudden death, the country would descend into chaos and an even more extreme government might emerge. Ninoy Aquino decided to take the risk of returning to the Philippines, fully aware that he might well be re-imprisoned or even killed outright. The Marcos regime tried to prevent his return by revoking his passport, denying him a visa, and warning international airlines that they would not be allowed landing clearance if they tried to bring Aquino into the country. Starting on August 13, 1983, Aquino flew a meandering, week-long flight route from Boston through Los Angeles, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan to his final destination of Manila. Because Marcos had cut off diplomatic relations with Taiwan, the government there was under no obligation to cooperate with his regime's goal of keeping Ninoy Aquino away from Manila. As China Airlines Flight 811 descended in to Manila International Airport on August 21, 1983, Ninoy Aquino warned the foreign journalists traveling with him to have their cameras ready. "In a matter of 3 or 4 minutes it could all be over," he noted with chilling prescience. Minutes after the plane touched down, he was dead. Beside him, Rolando Galman also lay dead. Ferdinand Marcos's regime would blame Galman for killing Aquino - but few historians or citizens of the Philippines give any credence to that claim.

Link: http://asianhistory.about.com/od/philippines/p/Biography-of-Ninoy-Aquino.htm

The Facts

       Simulan natin sa pinagmulan ng yaman ng mga Aquino at Cojuangco. Sinasabi na ang yaman ng Pilipinas ay napunta sa lola Ysidra ng mga Cojuangco (girlfriend ni Antonio Luna) na pinatago ni Emilio Aguinaldo kay Gen. Antonio Luna na pinatago naman ni Gen. Luna sa girlfriend nitong si Ysidra. Dahil sa hindi pagsabi ni Gen. Luna kung na saan ang yaman ng bansa, pinatay ito ni Emilio Aguinaldo at hindi na nagawang makuha pa ang pera kay Ysidra Cojuangco. Kaya maning-mani lang pala ang pera ni Marcos sa mga Cojuangco. (^_^)

Link: http://www.timawa.net/forum/index.php?topic=21844.0;wap2

       Tungkol naman sa pagkamatay ni Ninoy Aquino. Sinasabing ang pumatay sakanya ay si Rolando Galman na kasama niya noong mga panahong nangyari ang pagpatay. Namatay rin si Galman makalipas lang ng ilang segundo ng namatay si Ninoy. Dalawang araw bago naganap ang assassination ni Ninoy Aquino, sinasabing pinasinayahan si Galman ng dalawang prostitute, isang alok na tinanggap niya at nagmula sa isang sundalong opisyal ng hukbong-panghimpapawid ng Pilipinas. Naglaho ang dalawang babaeng ito matapos dukutin ng dalawang armadong mga lalaki para paslangin. Natagpuan ang kanilang mga labi noong Nobyembre 1988. Dahil dito, malinaw na ang mismong mga bantay ni Aquino ang bumaril sa kaniya, at kasabay nilang binaril si Galman upang ito ang mapagbintangan kaugnay ng assassination ni Aquino. Si Ninoy ay senior ng fraternity na sinalihan nila ni Marcos na Upsilon Sigma Phi at isa sa mga rules dito na kung sino ang senior ng fraternity ay siya ang masusunod kaya malaki ang posibilidad na si Ninoy ang manalo bilang president kumpara kay Marcos. Sinasabing si Ferdinand Marcos ang nagutos na ipapatay si Ninoy pero ang totoo, ang asawa nitong si Imelda Marcos ang nag utos upang hindi makatakbo bilang president si Ninoy.

Link: http://www.geocities.com/dapat_tapatt/whokilledninoy.html

---------------------------

Elauria, Kenberlyn R.

BSCS3-1

200910286

---------------------------

Gadgets na Gusto ko!

Ipod

Technical Specifications

Capacity

• 5GB or 10GB hard disk drive

1

—Holds up to 1,000 or 2,000 songs in 160-Kbps 

MP3 format

2

—Stores data in FireWire disk mode

—Stores up to 1,000 contacts

5

Size and weight

• Height: 4.02 inches (102 mm)

• Width: 2.43 inches (61.8 mm)

• Depth: 0.78 inch (19.9 mm)

• Weight: 6.5 ounces (185 g)

Input and output

• FireWire (IEEE 1394a) port

• 3.5-mm stereo headphone jack

Power and battery

• Built-in rechargeable lithium polymer battery 

(1200 mAh)

• Playtime: 10 hours when fully charged

• Charging via FireWire connector to Mac system 

or power adapter

—Fast-charge time: up to 1 hour (charges to 80% 

of battery capacity)

—Full-charge time: up to 3 hours

Audio

• Up to 20 minutes of skip protection 

• Maximum output power: 60 mW rms (30 mW 

per channel)

• Frequency response: 20 to 20,000 Hz

• Audio formats supported: MP3 (up to 320 Kbps),

MP3 Variable Bit Rate (VBR), WAV, AIFF

• Upgradable firmware enables support for future

audio formats

Customizable settings

• Equalizer

• Shuffle songs or albums

• Repeat one or all

• Startup volume

• Sleep timer

• Backlight timer

• Display contrast

• Clicker

• Languages: English, French, German, Japanese,

Spanish, Italian, Dutch, Danish, Norwegian,

Portuguese, Finnish, Swedish, Korean, Simplified

Chinese, Traditional Chines

Headphones

• Earbud-style headphones with 18-mm drivers using

Neodymium transducer magnets

• Frequency response: 20 to 20,000 Hz

• Impedance: 32 ohms

• Sensitivity: 104-dB sound pressure level at 1 mW

Display

• 2-inch (diagonal) liquid crystal display with white

LED backlight

• 160-by-128-pixel resolution; 0.24-mm dot pitch

• Support for display of multiple languages and

characters simultaneously

Environmental requirements

• Operating temperature: 32° to 95° F (0° to 35° C)

• Nonoperating temperature: –4° to 113° F (–20° to

45° C)

• Relative humidity: 5% to 95% noncondensing

• Maximum operating altitude: 10,000 feet (3000 m) 

Power adapter

• 6-pin FireWire connector

• AC input: 100V to 240V at 0.4 amp maximum

• Frequency: 50 to 60 Hz

• DC output: 12V at 1 amp maximum

http://download.info.apple.com/Apple_Support_Area/Manuals/specs/hardware/L16749C_EN.pdf

Хboх 360 System Performance - Draft
Custom IBM PowerPC-based CPU	3 symmetrical cores running at 3.2 GHz each 2 hardware threads per core; 6 hardware threads total 1 VMX-128 vector unit per core; 3 total 128 VMX-128 registers per hardware thread 1 MB L2 cache
CPU Game Math Performance	9 billion dot product operations per second
Custom ATI Graphics Processor	500 MHz 10 MB embedded DRAM 48-way parallel floating-point dynamically-scheduled shader pipelines Unified shader architecture
Polygon Performance	500 million triangles per second
Pixel Fill Rate	16 gigasamples per second fillrate using 4X MSAA
Shader Performance	48 billion shader operations per second
Memory	512 MB GDDR3 RAM 700 MHz DDR Unified memory architecture
Memory Bandwidth	22.4 GB/s memory interface bus bandwidth 256 GB/s memory bandwidth to EDRAM 21.6 GB/s front-side bus
Overall System Floating-Point Performance	1 TFLOP
Storage	Detachable and upgradeable 20 GB hard drive 12X dual-layer DVD-ROM Memory unit support starting at 64 MB
I/O	Support for up to 4 wireless game controllers 3 USB 2.0 ports 2 memory unit slots
Optimized for Online	Instant, out-of-the-box access to Xbox Live features, including Xbox Live Marketplace for downloadable content, Gamer Profile for digital identity and voice chat to talk to friends while playing games, watching movies or listening to music Built in Ethernet Port Wi-Fi Ready: 802.11 A, B and G Video Camera Ready
Digital Media Support	Support for DVD-Video, DVD-ROM, DVD-R/RW, DVD+R/RW, CD-DA, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, WMA CD, MP3 CD, JPEG Photo CD Stream media from portable music devices, digital cameras, Windows XP PCs Rip music to Xbox 360 hard drive Custom playlists in every game Windows Media Center Extender built in Interactive, full screen 3D visualizers
HD Game Support	All games supported at 16:9, 720p and 1080i, anti-aliasing Standard definition and high definition video output supported
Audio	Multichannel surround sound output Supports 48 KHz 16-bit audio 320 independent decompression channels 32-bit audio processing Over 256 audio channels
System Orientation	Stands vertically or horizontally
Customizable Face Plates	Interchangeable to personalize the console

http://hardware.teamxbox.com/articles/xbox/1144/The-Xbox-360-System-Specifications/p1

Logitech Harmony 650

General

• Device TypeUniversal remote control

Remote Control

• Connectivity TechnologyInfrared
• Supported Device Qty250000
• Supported DevicesTV
• Input DeviceKeypad
• FeaturesBack-lit buttons
• DisplayLCD display
• Color DisplayYes

Connections

• Connector Type1 x USB

System Requirements

• Operating SystemMS Windows 7,
  MS Windows XP,
  Apple Mac OS X 10.4.8 or later,
  MS Windows Vista

Miscellaneous

• Cables Included1 x USB cable - External
• Included AccessoriesUSB cable

Power

• Battery- Alkaline,
  2 x Remote control unit battery - AA type
• Included Qty2

http://reviews.cnet.com/remote-controls/logitech-harmony-650/4507-7900_7-33981226.html?tag=mncol;subnav

Apple iPad  Table Specifications

• Display:
  • 9.7″ widescreen LED-backlit glossy multi-touch capacitive display (with IPS technology)
  • 1024-by-768-pixel resolution @ 132 pixels-per-inch (ppi)
  • Fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating
• Processor: Apple A4 1 GHz (by PA Semiconductor)
• Memory: DDR2 RAM
• Video: Apple A4 1 Ghz (see above)
• Storage: 16 GB to 64 GB flash drive
• Wireless data:
  • Integrated Wi-Fi 802.11a/b/g/n
  • Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR
  • 3G version: UMTS/HSDPA (through AT&T, no contract required)
  • 3G version: GSM/EDGE (through AT&T, no contract required)
• Extra devices:
  • Digital compass
  • A-GPS (assisted GPS)
  • Microphone
  • Speaker
• Sensors:
  • Accelerometer
  • Proximity sensor
  • Ambient light sensor
• Inputs:
  • Dock connector (typical Apple port)
  • 3.5 mm stereo headphone jack
  • SIM card
  • No USB port (!!!)
• Battery: Built-in 25 Whr rechargeable lithium-polymer battery (by DynaPak)
• Usage time:
  • Internet: up to 5 hours on 3G
  • Internet: up to 10 hours on Wi-Fi
  • Video playback: up to 10 hours
• Colors:
  • black with silver or
• Software:
  • iPhone OS (for iPad)
  • All iPhone applications are supported on the iPad
  • In addition, iPad has its own App Store
• Price level: $499  USD, 399 EUR
• Release date: April 2010, the 3G version will take slightly longer to become available

http://www.appletablet.net/apple-tablet-specifications/

Sony Internet TV

Access more entertainment than ever with this Sony Internet TV Blu-ray Disc player powered by Google TV. Search the entire web and TV listings to find exactly what you're looking for—plus download made-for-TV apps from Android Market™. Watch TV, browse the internet² or do both at the same time on the same screen. Finding your favorite content is a breeze thanks to the included handheld keypad with mouse, or use your smartphone as a remote control with the Google TV Remote app. Now you can watch the game while tracking your fantasy team, Tweet™ or update your Facebook® status while viewing your favorite show.





http://store.sony.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?talogId=10551&storeId=10151&langId=-1&partNumber=NSZGT1

IPhone 4s

• Size and weight

  • Height: 4.3 inches (110 mm)
  • Width: 2.4 inches (61.8 mm)
  • Depth: 0.31 inch (8 mm)
  • Weight: 4.2 ounces (120 grams)

  In the box

  • iPod touch
  • Earphones
  • USB 2.0 cable
  • Dock adapter
  • Polishing cloth
  • Stand
  • Quick Start guide

  Capacity

  • 8GB, 16GB, or 32GB flash drive¹
  • Holds up to 1,750,  3,500, or 7,000 songs in 128-Kbps AAC format²
  • Holds up to 10,000, 20,000, or 25,000 iPod-viewable photos³
  • Holds up to 10 hours,  20 hours, or 40 hours of video⁴

  Display

  • 3.5-inch (diagonal) widescreen Multi-Touch display
  • 480-by-320-pixel resolution at 163 pixels per inch

  Audio

  • Frequency response: 20Hz to 20,000Hz
  • Audio formats supported: AAC (16 to 320 Kbps), Protected AAC (from iTunes Store), MP3 (16 to 320 Kbps), MP3 VBR, Audible (formats 2, 3, and 4), Apple Lossless, AIFF, and WAV

  Video

  • H.264 video, up to 1.5 Mbps, 640 by 480 pixels, 30 frames per second, Low-Complexity version of the H.264 Baseline Profile with AAC-LC audio up to 160 Kbps, 48kHz, stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats; H.264 video, up to 2.5 Mbps, 640 by 480 pixels, 30 frames per second, Baseline Profile up to Level 3.0 with AAC-LC audio up to 160 Kbps, 48kHz, stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats; MPEG-4 video, up to 2.5 Mbps, 640 by 480 pixels, 30 frames per second, Simple Profile with AAC-LC audio up to 160 Kbps, 48kHz, stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats

  Wireless⁵

  • Wi-Fi (802.11b/g)
  • Maps location based service⁶

  Headphones

  • Earphones
  • Frequency response: 20Hz to 20,000Hz
  • Impedance: 32 ohms

  Mac system requirements

  • Mac computer with USB 2.0 port
  • Mac OS X v10.4.10 or later
  • iTunes 7.6 or later⁷

  Windows system requirements

  • PC with USB 2.0 port
  • Windows Vista or Windows XP Home or Professional with Service Pack 2 or later
  • iTunes 7.6 or later⁷

  Languages

  • English, French, German, Japanese, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, Korean, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Russian, and Polish
  • International keyboard support for English, UK English, French, French Canadian, German, Japanese, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, Swedish, Polish, and Portuguese
  • Dictionary support for English, UK English, French, French Canadian, German, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, and Dutch

  Environmental requirements

  • Operating temperature: 32° to 95° F (0° to 35° C)
  • Nonoperating temperature: -4° to 113° F (-20° to 45° C)
  • Relative humidity: 5% to 95% noncondensing
  • Maximum operating altitude: 10,000 feet (3000 m)

  Input and output

  • Dock connector
  • 3.5-mm stereo headphone jack

  Power and battery⁸

  • Built-in rechargeable lithium ion battery
  • Playback time
    • Music playback time: Up to 22 hours when fully charged
    • Video playback time: Up to 5 hours when fully charged
  • Charging via USB to computer system or power adapter (sold separately)
  • Fast-charge time: about 1.5 hours (charges up to 80% of battery capacity)
  • Full-charge time: about 3 hours
  ]
  http://support.apple.com/kb/sp3

Nokia Wireless Head Phone

Bluetooth Technology Wireless  Head Phone

Buttons:

• Play
• Stop
• Back/Forward

PSP

PSP Product Specifications

• Product Name: PlayStation Portable (PSP)
• Color: Black
• Dimensions: Approx. 170 mm (L) x 74 mm (W) x 23 mm (D)
• Weight: Approx. 260 g (including battery)
• CPU: PSP CPU (System clock frequency 1~333MHz)
• Main Memory: 32MB
• Embedded DRAM: 4MB
• Display: 4.3 inch, 16:9 widescreen TFT LCD, 480 x 272 pixel (16.77 million colors), Max. 200 cd/m2 (with brightness control)
• Speakers: Built-in stereo speakers
• Main Input/Output: IEEE 802.11b (Wi-Fi), USB 2.0 (Target), Memory Stick™ PRO Duo, IrDA, IR Remote (SIRCS)
• Disc Drive: UMD Drive (Playback only)
• Profile: PSP Game, UMD Audio, UMD Video
• Main Connectors: DC OUT 5V, Terminals for charging built-in battery, Headphone/Microphone/Control connector
• Keys/Switches: Directional buttons (Up/Down/Right/Left)Analog pad, Enter keys (Triangle, Circle, Cross, Square), Left, Right keys START, SELECT, HOME, POWER On/Hold/Off switch, Brightness control, Sound Mode, Volume +/-, Wireless LAN On/Off switch, UMD Eject
• Power: Built-in lithium-ion battery, AC adaptor
• Access Control: Region Code, Parental Control
• Accessories: Stand, Headphone with remote commander, Headphone with remote commander and microphone, External battery pack, Case, Strap
• E3 Prototype Exhibition: USB Camera for PSP, USB GPS for PSP, USB Keyboard for PSP

UMD Specifications

• Dimensions: Approx. 65 mm (W) x 64 mm (D) x 4.2 mm (H)
• Weight: Approx. 10g
• Disc Diameter: 60 mm
• Maximum Capacity: 1.8GB (Single-sided, dual layer)
• Laser wavelength: 660nm (Red laser)
• Encryption: AES 128bit
• Profile: PSP Game (full function), UMD Audio (codec ATRAC3plus™, PCM, (MPEG4 AVC)), UMD Video (codec MPEG4 AVC, ATRAC3plus™, Caption PNG)

http://playstation.about.com/od/psp/a/PSPSpecs.htm

Distortios Effect

Casio's EXILIM EX-FH20

The 9.1 megapixel EX-FH20 includes a 20X optical zoom and a CMOS shift anti-shake function to steady the ship when honing in on a subject. It's 27% smaller and and 28% lighter than the EX-F1 and the controls have been simplified by placing all shooting mode settings on a single dial.

Seven burst settings enable capture from 1 fps up to 40 fps and images of 7 megapixels (3072 x 2304 pixel) in size are delivered at the maximum rate. The EX-FH20 can also "prerecord" up to 40 still images, meaning you can still get the shot you're after even if you are a little slow on the draw.

HD Movie recording produces 1280 x 720 images at 30 fps and the camera's high speed (224 × 56 at 1,000 fps) movie capabilities make it suitable for ultra slow motion playback. Users can also switch between standard 30 fps recording to the higher speed 210 fps setting on-the-fly and there's also a High Speed Night Scene setting that promises quality results when the sun goes down.

Images are recorded to the 31.9MB built-in Flash memory or the supported SDHC Memory Card, SD Memory Card, MultiMediaCard, MultiMediaCardplus formats and the camera runs on AA-size batteries.

http://www.gizmag.com/casios-exilim-ex-fh20-high-speed-digital-slr/10241/

Myrone Medialdia

200912295